Hydro-abrasive wear is a major problem for the efficiency and durability of Francis turbines, widely used in hydroelectric power plants due to their ability to transform hydraulic energy into sustainable electricity. Constantly exposed to abrasive particles in water, turbine components are subjected to intense stresses, which lead to progressive deterioration and shortening of their lifespan. In this context, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis becomes an essential tool for the evaluation and understanding of microscopic defects induced by hydro-abrasive wear. SEM allows for the detailed characterization of the affected surfaces and the identification of the types of damage, thus providing fundamental data for the optimization and selection of abrasion-resistant materials. Thermal spray of materials, such as Metco 71VF-NS (WC12Co) are an important solution in combating wear, being renowned for their increased hardness and strength. These sprayed layers not only protect the turbines from the effects of hydro-abrasive wear, but also contribute to the overall efficiency of the system by reducing the frequency of repairs and maintenance. Thus, in the context of renewable energy, where reliability and durability of equipment are essential, the use of advanced materials to protect Francis turbines represents a crucial step towards sustainable and efficient production of electricity based on hydraulic resources.